Wheat Crops

Sihd m`KIAW pwlx SurU krnW

Sihd m`KIAW pwlx dI isKlweI
pMjwb AYgrIklcrl XUnIvristI, luiDAwxw jW ikRSI ivigAwn kyNdrW ivKy[

loVINdw swmwn
hweIv, isr Aqy ichry au~pr pihxn vwlI jwlI, hweIv tUl, smokr, mom dIAW buinAwdI SItW, rwxI nKyVU jwlI, Awid[

QW dI cox
ij`Qy swrw swl Sihd m`KIAW leI aupXogI Pu`l, qwzy pwxI dw pRbMD, loV Anuswr Du`p Aqy CW, hVH Awid dI mwr qoN dUr, G`t qoN G`t KVkw-dVkw Aqy g`fI jW trYktr trwlI Awid phuMcx dI sOK hovy, Sihd dIAW m`KIAW pwlx leI FukvIN huMdI hY[

Sihd m`KIAW leI aupXogI Pu`l
vwDU Sihd iek`Tw krn dy mu`K somy s&Ydw, qorIAw, srHoN/rwieAw, twhlI, brsIm, sUrjmuKI, Arhr, nwSpwqI, kpwh, nrmw Awid hn[

FukvW smW
FukvW smW: &rvrI-mwrc Aqy AkqUbr-nvMbr[

Sihd m``KIAW ^rIdxw
sSihd m`KIAW FukvyN smyN dy SurU iv`c hI ^rIdxIAW cwhIdIAW hn [ iDAwn r`Ko ik :

pUry Bry hoey A`T C`iqAW qoN G`t m`KIAW nw hox[
rwxI m`KI nvIN qy grBq hovy[ nvIN grBq rwxI m`KI dw DV hlky sMqrI rMgI Aqy cmkIlI huMdI hY[ purwxI rwxI m`KI dw DV gUVHy BUry jW kwly rMg dw Aqy B`````````dI cmk-dmk vwlw huMdw hY[
^rIdy C`iqAW iv`c kwPI imkdwr iv`c kwmw m`KIAW, AMfy Aqy bMd brUf Awid hoxy cwhIdy hn[ loVINdI mwqrw iv`c Sihd Aqy polx vI hoxw cwhIdw hY[
AMfy shI, sY~lW dy Q`ly, ivckwr Aqy hr sY~l iv`c ie`k-ie`k hoxy cwhIdy hn[
izAwdw fron brUf vwly C``qy nvyN ktuMb iv`c nhIN hoxy cwhIdy[

KrIdy ktuMbW nUM iljwxw
Sihd m`KIAW dy ktuMbW dy gyt bMd krn auuprMq ienHW dI FoAw-FuAweI rwq dy smyN hI kro[

KrIdy hweIv itkwauxy ktuMbW nUM G`to-G`t ds-ds Pu`t dUrI dIAW lweInW iv`c hweIv qoN hweIv dI iv`Q 6 qoN 8 Pu`t Aqy gyt cVHdy pwsy v`l pr Awm AwvwjweI dy rsqy qoN ault pwsy v`l krky r`K ky itkwau Aqy ienHW dy gyt KolH idau[

pMjwb iv`c Sihd m`KIAW leI aupXogI PslW jW dr`Kq dy Pu`lx dw smW Aqy aupXogqw

Psl jW dr`Kq	Pu`lx dw smW	aupXogqw
myQI	jnvrI-mwrc	nYktr+poln
sUrjmuKI*	ApRYl-meI	nYktr+poln
AwVU	&rvrI-mwrc	nYktr+poln
nwSpwqI*	mwrc	nYktr+poln
AlUcw	mwrc	nYktr+poln
ikMno	mwrc	nYktr+poln
ipAwz	mwrc-ApRYl	nYktr+poln
lIcI	mwrc-ApRYl	nYktr+poln
twhlI	ApRYl	nYktr+poln
AmrUd	meI-jUn Aqy sqMbr-AkqUbr	nYktr+poln
Ctwlw	mwrc-meI	nYktr+poln
brsIm*	mwrc-jUn	nYktr+poln
k`dU jwqI	ApRYl-AkqUbr	nYktr+poln
kpwh	Agsq-sqMbr	nYktr+poln
nrmw*	Agsq-AkqUbr	nYktr+poln
Arhr*	sqMbr-AkqUbr	nYktr
qorIAw*	AkqUbr-nvMbr	nYktr+poln
s&Ydw*	nvMbr-ApRYl	nYktr+poln
rwieAw*	nvMbr-mwrc	nYktr+poln
goBI srHoN*	dsMbr-mwrc	nYktr+poln
qwrwmIrw	dsMbr-mwrc	nYktr+poln

* bhuq vDIAw somy

svwrm

h`l
Sihd m`KIAW dI BIV nUNM Gtwaux leI hweIv iv`c loV muqwibk hor C`qy jw mom dIAW buinAwdI SItW vwly Prym jW supr cYNbr dyvo[ svwrm dyx vwly S`kI ktuMbW dw QoVHy-QoVHy idnW bwAd inrIKx krdy rihxw cwhIdw hY [ jykr ie`k cMgI rwxI dy huMdy hoey vI ktuMb rwxI sY~l bxw lvy qW aunHW rwxI sY~lW nUM qoV dyxw cwhIdw hY[ rwxI m`KI dy Agly KMBW iv`coN ie`k pwsy dw KMB lMbweI ru^oN qkrIbn 1/3 ih`sw qoN lY ky 1/2 ih`sw k`t id`qw dyvo[ jykr ktuMb svwrm kr jwvy qW hvw iv`c auf rhy svwrm au~pr iksy f``by Awid nwl pwxI dw iCVkw kro qW jo m`KIAW nyVy hI iksy nIvIN QW qy bYT jwx [ bYTIAW m`KIAW nUM tokrI, KwlI hweIv jW jwlI Awid iv`c JwV lvo Aqy bwAd iv`c ie`k hweIv iv`c Sihd Aqy brUf vwly C`q pw ky ieh m`KIAW aus iv`c pw dyvo [

h`l

Sihd m`KIAW dI BIV nUNM Gtwaux leI hweIv iv`c loV muqwibk hor C`qy jw mom dIAW buinAwdI SItW vwly Prym jW supr cYNbr dyvo[

svwrm dyx vwly S`kI ktuMbW dw QoVHy-QoVHy idnW bwAd inrIKx krdy rihxw cwhIdw hY [ jykr ie`k cMgI rwxI dy huMdy hoey vI ktuMb rwxI sY~l bxw lvy qW aunHW rwxI sY~lW nUM qoV dyxw cwhIdw hY[

rwxI m`KI dy Agly KMBW iv`coN ie`k pwsy dw KMB lMbweI ru^oN qkrIbn 1/3 ih`sw qoN lY ky 1/2 ih`sw k`t id`qw dyvo[

jykr ktuMb svwrm kr jwvy qW hvw iv`c auf rhy svwrm au~pr iksy f``by Awid nwl pwxI dw iCVkw kro qW jo m`KIAW nyVy hI iksy nIvIN QW qy bYT jwx [ bYTIAW m`KIAW nUM tokrI, KwlI hweIv jW jwlI Awid iv`c JwV lvo Aqy bwAd iv`c ie`k hweIv iv`c Sihd Aqy brUf vwly C`q pw ky ieh m`KIAW aus iv`c pw dyvo [

Kurwk dI Gwt

h`l
brswq ru`q dy iv`c KMf dw Gol (ie`k ih``sw pwxI Aqy ie`k ih``sw KMf) bxw ky PIfr, f`by, C`qy jW momI ilPwPy iv`c Br ky dyvo[

fron m`KIAW dI igxqI Gtwauxw

h`l
ktuMbW iv`c nvIAW rwxI m`KIAW r`Ko jo fron m`KIAW G`t pYdw krn[ kwmw sY~lW vwly C`qy jW buinAwdI SItW l`gy Prym hI brUf cYNbr iv`c dyvo[ byloVy inK``tU brUf vwly C`qy k`F ky, m`KIAW JwVn qoN bwAd, KurpI nwl inK`tU brUf nSt kr idau Aqy Aijhy C`qy supr cYNbr iv`c dy idau[

ktuMbW nUM hvwdwr bnwauxw

h`l
hweIv dy gyt nUM pUrw KolH idau, jykr bksy iv`c kwmw m`KIAW dI igxqI bhuq izAwdw hovy qW gyt vwlI swrI P`tI k`F dyvo[ qkVy ktuMb dy supr cYNbr iv`c dUjw gyt bxw dyvo[ supr cYNbr nUM brUf cYNbr qoN mwmUlI ijhw A`gy jW ip`Cy iKskw idau jW do cYNbrW dy ivckwr pqly-pqly qIly r`Ko qW ik ienHW ivckwr AijhI pqlI ijhI JIQ pY jwvy ijs iv`c hvw qW Aw jw sky pr m`KIAW nw t`p skx[ supr cYNbr iv`c ds dI QW nON Prym r`Ko[

h`l

hweIv dy gyt nUM pUrw KolH idau, jykr bksy iv`c kwmw m`KIAW dI igxqI bhuq izAwdw hovy qW gyt vwlI swrI P`tI k`F dyvo[
qkVy ktuMb dy supr cYNbr iv`c dUjw gyt bxw dyvo[
supr cYNbr nUM brUf cYNbr qoN mwmUlI ijhw A`gy jW ip`Cy iKskw idau jW do cYNbrW dy ivckwr pqly-pqly qIly r`Ko qW ik ienHW ivckwr AijhI pqlI ijhI JIQ pY jwvy ijs iv`c hvw qW Aw jw sky pr m`KIAW nw t`p skx[
supr cYNbr iv`c ds dI QW nON Prym r`Ko[

polx dI Gwt

h`l
k`pV Cwx kIqI mrI hoeI bIAr KmIr (42 %), Bu`jy CoilAW dy Awty (4%) Aqy su`ky du`D (4%) nUM KMf (25%) Aqy pwxI (25%) dy Gol nwl imlw ky nrm Awty vWg guMno Aqyy btr pypr iv`c lpyt ky PrymW dIAW au`prlIAW fMfIAW au`pr r`Ko[

Kurwk dI corI (rwibMg)

h`l
hweIv dIAW ivrlW JIQW nUM gwry Awid nwl m`KI bMd kr idau[ hweIv dw gyt Cotw kro qW ik m`KIAW ie`k-ie`k krky hI ktuMb iv`c dwKl hox jW bwhr inklx[ ^urwk hmySw swry ktuMbW nUM Swm vyly dyvo Aqy ^urwk bwhr nw fu`lHy dyvo[ jykr iPr vI Pwrm iv`c rwibMg SurU ho jwvy qW swirAW bkisAW dy gyt Coty kr ky ie`k m`KI inklx jogy kr idau ig`ly Gwh nUM kwrboilk AYisf (1%), im`tI dw qyl jW PInwiel iv`c fubo ky hweIv dy gyt qy r`Ko[ jykr rwibMg bhuq hI izAwdw ho rhI hovy qW corI ho rhy ktuMb dw gyt kuJ icr leI jwlI nwl bMd kr dyvo[ jykr au~pr d`sy qrIikAW nwl vI rwibMg bMd nw hovy qW rwibMg kr rhy ktuMb nUM l`B ky rwq dy smyN G`to-G`t iqMn iklomItr dI dUrI qy lY jwvo[

h`l

hweIv dIAW ivrlW JIQW nUM gwry Awid nwl m`KI bMd kr idau[
hweIv dw gyt Cotw kro qW ik m`KIAW ie`k-ie`k krky hI ktuMb iv`c dwKl hox jW bwhr inklx[
^urwk hmySw swry ktuMbW nUM Swm vyly dyvo Aqy ^urwk bwhr nw fu`lHy dyvo[
jykr iPr vI Pwrm iv`c rwibMg SurU ho jwvy qW swirAW bkisAW dy gyt Coty kr ky ie`k m`KI inklx jogy kr idau
ig`ly Gwh nUM kwrboilk AYisf (1%), im`tI dw qyl jW PInwiel iv`c fubo ky hweIv dy gyt qy r`Ko[
jykr rwibMg bhuq hI izAwdw ho rhI hovy qW corI ho rhy ktuMb dw gyt kuJ icr leI jwlI nwl bMd kr dyvo[
jykr au~pr d`sy qrIikAW nwl vI rwibMg bMd nw hovy qW rwibMg kr rhy ktuMb nUM l`B ky rwq dy smyN G`to-G`t iqMn iklomItr dI dUrI qy lY jwvo[

ktuMbW dw TMf qoN bcwA

h`l
ktuMbW nUM hr roj 3 Pu`t iKskw ky Du`p iv`c r`Ko[ AMdrlI pYikMg : srdI ru`qy kmjor ktuMbW iv`c KwlI QW nUM momI il&wi&AW jW A^bwrW iv`c su`kI prwlI Awid pw ky Br dyvoy [ bhuqy kmzor ktuMbW nUM AMdrlI pYikMg dyx leI m`KIAW vwly C`iqAW nUM hweIv dy ivckwr r`K ky dovyN pwsy KwlI QW iv`c srdI dI pYikMMg dyvo[ bwhrlI pYikMg : stYNf dy aupr Aqy bwtm borf hyT 2 ieMc motI prwlI dI qih ivCw ky aus aupr bksy itkwau Aqy Awsy-pwsy v`l vDI hoeI prwlI nUM k`t idau [ jykr Kurwk dI Gwt hovy qW KMf dw gwVw Gol (do ih`sy KMf Aqy ie`k ih`sw pwxI) C`iqAW iv`c Br ky dyvo[

h`l

ktuMbW nUM hr roj 3 Pu`t iKskw ky Du`p iv`c r`Ko[
AMdrlI pYikMg : srdI ru`qy kmjor ktuMbW iv`c KwlI QW nUM momI il&wi&AW jW A^bwrW iv`c su`kI prwlI Awid pw ky Br dyvoy [ bhuqy kmzor ktuMbW nUM AMdrlI pYikMg dyx leI m`KIAW vwly C`iqAW nUM hweIv dy ivckwr r`K ky dovyN pwsy KwlI QW iv`c srdI dI pYikMMg dyvo[
bwhrlI pYikMg : stYNf dy aupr Aqy bwtm borf hyT 2 ieMc motI prwlI dI qih ivCw ky aus aupr bksy itkwau Aqy Awsy-pwsy v`l vDI hoeI prwlI nUM k`t idau [
jykr Kurwk dI Gwt hovy qW KMf dw gwVw Gol (do ih`sy KMf Aqy ie`k ih`sw pwxI) C`iqAW iv`c Br ky dyvo[

mom kIVw

troplIlYps mweIt

vroAw mweIt

kwlI Aqy hrI icVI

sYk brUf

BirMf

kwly kIVy

XUrpIAn
PwaUl brUf

inSwnIAW	rokQwm
mom kIVw pihly-pihl ies kIVy dIAW suMfIAW PrS (bwtm) borf qy if`gI mom Aqy poln qy pldIAW hn[ bwAd iv`c ieh suMfIAW KwlI C`qy jW m`KIAW vwly C`qy dy KwlI ih`sy qy hmlw kr idMdIAW hn[ jdoN hmlw izAwdw hovy qW suMfIAW swry PrymW qy jwlydwr surMgW bxw ky &Yl jWdIAW hn[ suMfIAW C`iqAW dI mom nUM Kw ky nSt kr idMdIAW hn Aijhy C`qy m`KIAW dy vrqx Xog nhIN rihMdy[ ijAwdw hmly kwrn m`KIAW Awpxw bksw C`f ky au~f vI jwdIAW hn[	ktuMbW nUM qkVy r`Ko[ bwtm borf nUM sw& krkyy iek`TI hoeI rihMd-KUhMd nUM zmIn Q`ly d`b dyvo jW swV dyvo Aqy bwtm borf nUM kdy-kdy qyz Du`p lgvwa[ hweIv dIAW qryVW nUM im`tI nwl bMd kr dyvo[ vwDU C`iqAW nUM Du`p lgvwa[ vwDU KwlI C`iqAW nUM KwlI cYNbrW iv`c Br ky DwkW lgwky 250-300 grwm pRqI 16 cYNbrW dy ihswb nwl sB qoN hyTly KwlI cYNbr iv`c r`K ky gMDk dI Dux dyvo[ do hPqy bwAd iPr DUxI dyvo[

inSwnIAW

rokQwm

mom kIVw

pihly-pihl ies kIVy dIAW suMfIAW PrS (bwtm) borf qy if`gI mom Aqy poln qy pldIAW hn[
bwAd iv`c ieh suMfIAW KwlI C`qy jW m`KIAW vwly C`qy dy KwlI ih`sy qy hmlw kr idMdIAW hn[
jdoN hmlw izAwdw hovy qW suMfIAW swry PrymW qy jwlydwr surMgW bxw ky &Yl jWdIAW hn[
suMfIAW C`iqAW dI mom nUM Kw ky nSt kr idMdIAW hn Aijhy C`qy m`KIAW dy vrqx Xog nhIN rihMdy[
ijAwdw hmly kwrn m`KIAW Awpxw bksw C`f ky au~f vI jwdIAW hn[

ktuMbW nUM qkVy r`Ko[
bwtm borf nUM sw& krkyy iek`TI hoeI rihMd-KUhMd nUM zmIn Q`ly d`b dyvo jW swV dyvo Aqy bwtm borf nUM kdy-kdy qyz Du`p lgvwa[
hweIv dIAW qryVW nUM im`tI nwl bMd kr dyvo[
vwDU C`iqAW nUM Du`p lgvwa[
vwDU KwlI C`iqAW nUM KwlI cYNbrW iv`c Br ky DwkW lgwky 250-300 grwm pRqI 16 cYNbrW dy ihswb nwl sB qoN hyTly KwlI cYNbr iv`c r`K ky gMDk dI Dux dyvo[ do hPqy bwAd iPr DUxI dyvo[

inSwnIAW	rokQwm
troplIlYps mweIt sYlW dy nwl icmVIAW is`DIAW KVIAW suMfIAW dy isrW qy gRy- kwly inSwn[ ipaUipAW vwly brUf sYlW dw Ku`ly hoxw[ ivMgy-tyFy KMBW, l`qW, Awid vwlIAW kmzor kwmw m`KIAW au`GV d`uGVw brUf bMd brUf nUM Kol ky vyKx qy brUf nUM icMbVI hoeI mweIt[ C`iqAW Aqy jvwn m`KIAW au~pr mweIt dI hoNd[	kwmw brUf vwly C`iqAW dy ivckwr inK`tU sY`lW vwlw C`qw dyvo[ brUf sIl hox qy, m`KIAW JwV idau Aqy inK`tU brUf nSt kr dyvo[ vroAw-gRsq ktuMbW iv`c vroAw bwtm borf au~pr cypU kwgj lgw ky vrqoN kro[ pRqI do C`iqAW ivckwr do gRwm brIk pIsI KMf dw DUVw 3 idn dy vkPy qy 8 vwr kro[ Pwrimk eyisf (85%) 5 imlIlItr pRqI ktuMb pRqI idn dy ihswb nwl SISI iv`c pw ky lgwqwr do hPqy leI bwtm borf qy r`Ko[ ie`k lItr pwxI iv`c 42 gRwm AOgjYilk eyisf Aqy 600 gRwm KMf dw Gol bxw ky 5 imlIlItr pRqI C`qy dy ihswb nwl C`iqAW dy dono pwsy iCVkwA kro jW qqIrI bMnky do C`iqAW ivckwr hPqy dy vkPy qy 3 vwr pwau[

inSwnIAW

rokQwm

troplIlYps mweIt

sYlW dy nwl icmVIAW is`DIAW KVIAW suMfIAW dy isrW qy gRy- kwly inSwn[
ipaUipAW vwly brUf sYlW dw Ku`ly hoxw[
ivMgy-tyFy KMBW, l`qW, Awid vwlIAW kmzor kwmw m`KIAW au`GV d`uGVw brUf bMd brUf nUM Kol ky vyKx qy brUf nUM icMbVI hoeI mweIt[
C`iqAW Aqy jvwn m`KIAW au~pr mweIt dI hoNd[

kwmw brUf vwly C`iqAW dy ivckwr inK`tU sY`lW vwlw C`qw dyvo[ brUf sIl hox qy, m`KIAW JwV idau Aqy inK`tU brUf nSt kr dyvo[
vroAw-gRsq ktuMbW iv`c vroAw bwtm borf au~pr cypU kwgj lgw ky vrqoN kro[
pRqI do C`iqAW ivckwr do gRwm brIk pIsI KMf dw DUVw 3 idn dy vkPy qy 8 vwr kro[
Pwrimk eyisf (85%) 5 imlIlItr pRqI ktuMb pRqI idn dy ihswb nwl SISI iv`c pw ky lgwqwr do hPqy leI bwtm borf qy r`Ko[
ie`k lItr pwxI iv`c 42 gRwm AOgjYilk eyisf Aqy 600 gRwm KMf dw Gol bxw ky 5 imlIlItr pRqI C`qy dy ihswb nwl C`iqAW dy dono pwsy iCVkwA kro jW qqIrI bMnky do C`iqAW ivckwr hPqy dy vkPy qy 3 vwr pwau[

inSwnIAW	rokQwm
vroAw mweIt hmly vwly bMd pUMg dIAW topIAW kuJ hyTW v`l Ds jWdIAW hn[ DsI hoeI topI dy ivckwr ie`k CotI ijhI morI (Pin hole) vI idKweI idMdI hY[ izAwdw hmlw hovy qW bMd pUMg iC`dw Aqy au~GV-du`GVw ivKweI idMdw hY[ hmly vwly ktuMb iv`c qyzI nwl qurI iPrdI iccVI vI Awm nzr Aw jWdI hY[ izAwdw hmly kwrn ipaUpy mr jWdy hn Aqy pUMg bMd hI rih jWdw hY[ ktuMb dy gyt swhmxy mry hoey ipaUpy Aqy sukVy KMBW vwlIAW m`KIAW dy Fyr l`gy huMdy hn[	PrymW dIAW au`prlIAW fMfIAW qy 1 gRwm pRqI Prym dy ihswb nwl DUVw kro[

inSwnIAW

rokQwm

vroAw mweIt

hmly vwly bMd pUMg dIAW topIAW kuJ hyTW v`l Ds jWdIAW hn[
DsI hoeI topI dy ivckwr ie`k CotI ijhI morI (Pin hole) vI idKweI idMdI hY[
izAwdw hmlw hovy qW bMd pUMg iC`dw Aqy au~GV-du`GVw ivKweI idMdw hY[
hmly vwly ktuMb iv`c qyzI nwl qurI iPrdI iccVI vI Awm nzr Aw jWdI hY[
izAwdw hmly kwrn ipaUpy mr jWdy hn Aqy pUMg bMd hI rih jWdw hY[
ktuMb dy gyt swhmxy mry hoey ipaUpy Aqy sukVy KMBW vwlIAW m`KIAW dy Fyr l`gy huMdy hn[

PrymW dIAW au`prlIAW fMfIAW qy 1 gRwm pRqI Prym dy ihswb nwl DUVw kro[

inSwnIAW	rokQwm
BirMf	bhwr ru`q dy SurU hox qoN pihlW hI iek`lIAW-duk`lIAW lukIAW grBq mwdw dMdeIAW nUM l`B ky mwr id`qw jwvy qW ik auh nvyN ktuMb nw bxw skx[ dMdeIAW dy C`iqAW au~pr kItnwSk dw iCVkwA kro [ ienHW dIAW K`KrW nUM im`tI dy qyl dI mSwl nwl swiVAw jw skdw hY[ QoVHy hmly smyN bksy dy swhmxy m`KIAW PVn dI kooiSS kr rhy dMdeIAW nUM l`kV dI qKqI jW JwV UAwid nwl mwro[ BirMfW/dMdeIAW dI m`KI Pwrm iv`c igxqI Gtwaux leI dMdeIey Pswaux vwly ipMjry dI vrqoN kro[

inSwnIAW

rokQwm

BirMf

bhwr ru`q dy SurU hox qoN pihlW hI iek`lIAW-duk`lIAW lukIAW grBq mwdw dMdeIAW nUM l`B ky mwr id`qw jwvy qW ik auh nvyN ktuMb nw bxw skx[
dMdeIAW dy C`iqAW au~pr kItnwSk dw iCVkwA kro [
ienHW dIAW K`KrW nUM im`tI dy qyl dI mSwl nwl swiVAw jw skdw hY[
QoVHy hmly smyN bksy dy swhmxy m`KIAW PVn dI kooiSS kr rhy dMdeIAW nUM l`kV dI qKqI jW JwV UAwid nwl mwro[
BirMfW/dMdeIAW dI m`KI Pwrm iv`c igxqI Gtwaux leI dMdeIey Pswaux vwly ipMjry dI vrqoN kro[

inSwnIAW	rokQwm
kwly kIVy	hweIv stYNf dIAW l`qW Q`ly pwxI dy Bry TUly r`Ko[ sofIAm PlorweIf, borYks pwaUfr Aqy slPr pwaUfr bksy dy AMdrly Aqy bwhrly F`kx ivckwr DUVo qW ik kwly kIVy auQy Box nW bxwaux[ kwly kIiVAW dy Box Kqm krn leI ienHW dIAW Ku`fW nUM 1% klorpIrIPws dy Gol nwl Br ky auproN gwry nwl bMd kr dyvo[

inSwnIAW	rokQwm
kwlI Aqy hrI icVI	ktuMbW dy A`gy 1 Pu`t dI dUrI qy Aqy 5 Pu`t dI aucweI qy cmkILI typ lgwau[ ktMbW nUM sMGxI CW hyT r`Ko[ KwlI pIpy nUM KVkw ky ienHW pMCIAW nUM aufwieAw jw skdw hY[

inSwnIAW	rokQwm
XUrpIAn PwaUl brUf rog gRsq suMfIAW sYlW dIAW kMDW nwl l`gIAW huMdIAW hn[ auunHW dIAW swh nwVIAW (Tracheae) vI nzr AwauNdIAW hn[ bImwr suMfIAW, 4-5 idnW dI aumr iv`c hI mr jWdIAW hn ieh suMfIAW polIAW iplplIAW Aqy GsmYly pIly rMg dIAW huMdIAW hn[ mrI suMfI dI pwcn pRxwlI iv`coN gwVHw ic`tw Aqy ArD-drSk (Transluscent) nzr AwauNdw hY[	ktuMbW dI hwlq bwry ivsQwrpUrvk jwxkwrI sihq ikRSI ivigAwn kyNdr dy mwihr nUM imlo[ m`KIAW duAwrw rwibMg, m`KIAW dw nwl dy bksy iv`c vVnw Aqy ktuMbW dw svwrm dyxw Awid dIAW hwlqW pYdw nw hox dyvo[ ktuMbW ivckwr is&wrS kIqw &wslw(6-8 Pu`t) r`Ko[ S`kI rogI ktuMbW nUM m`KIAW dy mu`K Pwrm qoN dUr r`Ko Aqy mwihrW qoN inrIKx krvwau[ S`kI rogI ktuMbW coN C`qy jW bksy dw koeI hor ih`sw k`F ky ArogI ktuMb nUM nW dyvo[ rogI ktuMbW ivclIAW PrymW Aqy bksy dy hor ih`isAW nUM Pwrmwiln jW kwrboilk qyzwb nwl rog rihq krky hI dubwrw m~KIAW pwlx leI vrqo[ rogI ktuMb dIAW swrIAW m`KIAW bwhr JwV ky C`iqAW nUM nSt kr dyvo Aqy hweIv iv`c qMdrusq C`qy jW SItW l`gy Prym Aqy PIf dyvo[

inSwnIAW

rokQwm

XUrpIAn PwaUl brUf

rog gRsq suMfIAW sYlW dIAW kMDW nwl l`gIAW huMdIAW hn[
auunHW dIAW swh nwVIAW (Tracheae) vI nzr AwauNdIAW hn[
bImwr suMfIAW, 4-5 idnW dI aumr iv`c hI mr jWdIAW hn
ieh suMfIAW polIAW iplplIAW Aqy GsmYly pIly rMg dIAW huMdIAW hn[
mrI suMfI dI pwcn pRxwlI iv`coN gwVHw ic`tw Aqy ArD-drSk (Transluscent) nzr AwauNdw hY[

ktuMbW dI hwlq bwry ivsQwrpUrvk jwxkwrI sihq ikRSI ivigAwn kyNdr dy mwihr nUM imlo[
m`KIAW duAwrw rwibMg, m`KIAW dw nwl dy bksy iv`c vVnw Aqy ktuMbW dw svwrm dyxw Awid dIAW hwlqW pYdw nw hox dyvo[
ktuMbW ivckwr is&wrS kIqw &wslw(6-8 Pu`t) r`Ko[
S`kI rogI ktuMbW nUM m`KIAW dy mu`K Pwrm qoN dUr r`Ko Aqy mwihrW qoN inrIKx krvwau[
S`kI rogI ktuMbW coN C`qy jW bksy dw koeI hor ih`sw k`F ky ArogI ktuMb nUM nW dyvo[
rogI ktuMbW ivclIAW PrymW Aqy bksy dy hor ih`isAW nUM Pwrmwiln jW kwrboilk qyzwb nwl rog rihq krky hI dubwrw m~KIAW pwlx leI vrqo[
rogI ktuMb dIAW swrIAW m`KIAW bwhr JwV ky C`iqAW nUM nSt kr dyvo Aqy hweIv iv`c qMdrusq C`qy jW SItW l`gy Prym Aqy PIf dyvo[

inSwnIAW	rokQwm
vroAw mweIt ipaUpy bxn Xog suMfIAW, bMd sY~lW iv`c hI mr jWdIAW hn[ rogI suMfIAW dw srIr Pu`l ky swry sY~l iv`c quMinAw jWdw hY[ sY~lW dIAW topIAW kuJ fUMGIAW Aqy Cyk vwlIAW ho jWdIAW hn[ mrIAW hoeIAW suMfIAW pihlW BUsly rMg dIAW huMdIAW hn ijnHW dw isr Aqy CwqI vwlw ih```sw kwlw huMdw hY[ suMfI dI bwhrlI cmVI s^q ho ky QYlI Aqy ivclw mwdw pIlw Aqy hrw ijhw qrl ho jWdw hY[ suMfI nUM iksy icmtI nwl bwhr k`Fx qy QYlI/guQlI (Sac) vWg nzr AWaudI hY[ lwrvw su`k ky kwlw ijhw BurBurw KrINF (Kurcx Xog) isr vloN sY~l nwl juiVAw bx jWdw hY[ brUf au~GVI-du`gVI hwlq iv`c ho jWdI hY[ ktuMb kmzor huMdy-huMdy ^qm ho jWdy hn[	ktuMbW dI hwlq bwry ivsQwrpUrvk jwxkwrI sihq ikRSI ivigAwn kyNdr dy mwihr nUM imlo[ m`KIAW duAwrw rwibMg, m`KIAW dw nwl dy bksy iv`c vVnw Aqy ktuMbW dw svwrm dyxw Awid dIAW hwlqW pYdw nw hox dyvo[ ktuMbW ivckwr is&wrS kIqw &wslw(6-8 Pu`t) r`Ko[ S`kI rogI ktuMbW nUM m`KIAW dy mu`K Pwrm qoN dUr r`Ko Aqy mwihrW qoN inrIKx krvwau [ S`kI rogI ktuMbW coN C`qy jW bksy dw koeI hor ih`sw k`F ky ArogI ktuMb nUM nW dyvo[ rogI ktuMbW ivclIAW PrymW Aqy bksy dy hor ih`isAW nUM Pwrmwiln jW kwrboilk qyzwb nwl rog rihq krky hI dubwrw m~KIAW pwlx leI vrqo[ rogI ktuMb dIAW swrIAW m`KIAW bwhr JwV ky C`iqAW nUM nSt kr dyvo Aqy hweIv iv`c qMdrusq C`qy jW SItW l`gy Prym Aqy PIf dyvo[

inSwnIAW

rokQwm

vroAw mweIt

ipaUpy bxn Xog suMfIAW, bMd sY~lW iv`c hI mr jWdIAW hn[
rogI suMfIAW dw srIr Pu`l ky swry sY~l iv`c quMinAw jWdw hY[
sY~lW dIAW topIAW kuJ fUMGIAW Aqy Cyk vwlIAW ho jWdIAW hn[
mrIAW hoeIAW suMfIAW pihlW BUsly rMg dIAW huMdIAW hn ijnHW dw isr Aqy CwqI vwlw ih```sw kwlw huMdw hY[
suMfI dI bwhrlI cmVI s^q ho ky QYlI Aqy ivclw mwdw pIlw Aqy hrw ijhw qrl ho jWdw hY[
suMfI nUM iksy icmtI nwl bwhr k`Fx qy QYlI/guQlI (Sac) vWg nzr AWaudI hY[
lwrvw su`k ky kwlw ijhw BurBurw KrINF (Kurcx Xog) isr vloN sY~l nwl juiVAw bx jWdw hY[
brUf au~GVI-du`gVI hwlq iv`c ho jWdI hY[ ktuMb kmzor huMdy-huMdy ^qm ho jWdy hn[

ktuMbW dI hwlq bwry ivsQwrpUrvk jwxkwrI sihq ikRSI ivigAwn kyNdr dy mwihr nUM imlo[
m`KIAW duAwrw rwibMg, m`KIAW dw nwl dy bksy iv`c vVnw Aqy ktuMbW dw svwrm dyxw Awid dIAW hwlqW pYdw nw hox dyvo[
ktuMbW ivckwr is&wrS kIqw &wslw(6-8 Pu`t) r`Ko[
S`kI rogI ktuMbW nUM m`KIAW dy mu`K Pwrm qoN dUr r`Ko Aqy mwihrW qoN inrIKx krvwau [
S`kI rogI ktuMbW coN C`qy jW bksy dw koeI hor ih`sw k`F ky ArogI ktuMb nUM nW dyvo[
rogI ktuMbW ivclIAW PrymW Aqy bksy dy hor ih`isAW nUM Pwrmwiln jW kwrboilk qyzwb nwl rog rihq krky hI dubwrw m~KIAW pwlx leI vrqo[
rogI ktuMb dIAW swrIAW m`KIAW bwhr JwV ky C`iqAW nUM nSt kr dyvo Aqy hweIv iv`c qMdrusq C`qy jW SItW l`gy Prym Aqy PIf dyvo[

Sihd k`Fx dI iv`DI

ktuMbW iv`coN donoN pwisauN sIl Sihd dIAW PrymW k`F[
PrymW nUM Sihd k`Fx vwly kmry q`k iljwauN[
Sihd PrymW dIAW momI topIAW qoVo[

iqMn-Prym Aqy cwr-Prym dIAW h`Q nwl c`lx vwlIAW mSInW m`KI pwlkW dI vrqoN iv`c Awm AwauNdIAW hn[
PrymW nUM Sihd k`Fx dI mSIn iv`c pwau, SurU iv~c Sihd k`Fx dI mSIn nUM hOlI-hOlI Gumwau[ jdoN mSIn gqI PV lvy qW hOlI-hOlI hor qyz krdy jwau qW ik mSIn ie`k imMt iv`c qkrIbn 300 c`kr k`ty[

ies r&qwr qy mSIn nUM qkrIbn do imMt leI zrUrI clwauxw cwhIdw hY qW ik PrymW dy bwhrly pwisauN swrw Sihd inkl jwvy[
ies ip`CoN mSIn nUM rok ky Sihd dIAW PrymW dy pwsy bdl ky iPr Gumwau [ dohW pwisauN Sihd k`Fx ip`CoN PrymW bwhr k`F la[
jdoN mSIn dw GuMmx vwlw cOKtw Sihd nwl hyToN l`gx dy nyVy hovy qW Sihd k`Fx leI l`gI tUtI dw mUMh KolH ky jW mSIn nUM brqn au~pr aultw ky Sihd k`Fdy rihxw cwhIdw hY[
Sihd nMU TIk FMg nwl puxo jW iPltr kr[
Sihd nMU brqn cOOOOOVy mUMMh vwly hox qW ik jMimAw hoieAw Sihd vI AwswnI nwl k`iFAw jw sky [ Sihd vwly brqn ibnW joVW qoN jW cMgI qrHW bMd joVW vwly hox [ ienHW dy F`kx d`b ky jW cUVI k`s ky hvw bMd hoxy cwhIdy hn[
ktuMbW dI mweIgrySn kr ky AOsqn 50 iklo Sihd pRqI ktuMb swlwnw pRwpq kIqw jw skdw hY[

ibjlI/ bYtrI duAwrw grm hox vwlw mom auqwrn leI cwkU

Sihd k`Fx leI Sihd dy Prym dIAW morIAW qoN mom auqwrnI bhuq jrUrI hY[ ies cwkU dI md`d nwl Sihd dI kuAwltI Krwb kIqy ibnW mom auqwrI jw skdI hY[ies iv`c ie`k AwtomYitk qwpmwn kMtrol XMqr l`igAw huMdw hY ijhVw izAwdw qwpmwn hox qy ibjlI dI splweI bMd kr idMdw hY Aqy Sihd dI kuAwltI bxwey r`Kdw hY[cwkU dI Dwr dw qwpmwn 60 ifgrI sYlsIAs 15 sikMtW iv`c phuMc jWdw hY[

ibjlI dI splweI:220 volt jW 12 volt fIsI bYtrI
pRqI Prym mom auqwrn leI smW: 18-22 sikMt jdoN grm kIqw hovy
24-26 sikMt ibnW grm kIqy

kImq: lgBg 1500 rupey

Sihd k`Fx vwlI mSIn

ieh A`T PrymW vwlI Sihd k`Fx vwlI mSIn stynlYs stIl dI bxI hY[ ies mSIn nUM h`Q nwl jW 0.5 hwrs pwvr dI motr nwl clwieAw jw skdw hY[ SurUAwqI iPltr krn vwsqy PrymW dy hyTW jwlI l`gI huMdI hY[ies iv`c do inkws nwlIAW huMdIAW hn, ie`k msIn dy hyTly pwsy kMD qy Aqy dUjI mSIn dI sqh qy qWik mSIn nUM tyFw kIqy ibnW Sihd k`iFAw jw sky[ie`k AwdmI ies mSIn nUM clw skdw hY[ ies mSIn nUM ie`k F`kx nwl F`ikAw jw skdw hY qWik kMm swP sPweI nwl kIqw jw sky[

smrQw:180 ik.gRw pqI GMtw
pwvr:0.5 hw pw
cwlU Krcy:11 rupey pRqI kuieMtl
mSIn dI kImq:50000/-

Sihd pRosYisMg mSIn

ies mSIn dy do ih`sy huMdy hn- auprlw ih`sw Sihd grm krn vwsqy Aqy hyTlw ih`sw Sihd punx vwsqy[grm krn vwly ih`sy nUM ieko kyNdr vwly do silMfrW nwl bxwieAw huMdw hY Aqy ieMnW silMfrW ivckwrlI iv`Q iv`c pwxI BirAw huMdw hY Aqy do 2-2 iklovwt dy hItr l`gy huMdy hn[ie`k 0.25 hwrs pwvr dI motr nwl c`lx vwlI mDwnI vI l`gI huMdI hY qW ik Sihd nUM iekswr Aqy srdIAW iv`c vI grm kIqw jw sky[inqwrn vwlw ih`sw stynlYs stIl dy silMfr dw huMdw hY[ ies ih`sy iv`c grm Sihd nUM 38 im.mI. dI morI iv`coN lMGw ky mlml dy cwr qihW vwly kpVy iv`coN lMGwieAw jWdw hY[ies mSIn nUM clwaux leI ie`k AwdmI dI loV pYNdI hY[

smrQw:50 ik.gRw pRqI bYc
hItr:2 ( 4 iklovwt)
smw pRqI bYc:2.5 GMty
mSIn dI kImq:80,000/-

mDU mom pRwpq krnw

Sihd topIAW, C`iqAW dy tukVy, purwxy inkMmy C`qy, jMglI m`KIAW dy C``iqAW Aqy Sihd incoVx qoN bwAd k`pVy iv`c bcI mom dI rihMd-KUMhd qoN sw& mom pRwpq krn leI ienHW nUM grm pwxI iv`c ipGlw lau[
pwxI Aqy ies ipGlI hoeI mom nUM moty k`pVy rwhIN cOVy mUMh vwly brqn iv`c pux lau[

mom pwxI nwloN hlkI hox krky pwxI dI siqh dy a~upr iek`TI ho jwvygI Aqy TMFI ho ky it`kI dy rUp iv`c jMm jwvygI[
mom dI ies it`kI dy hyTly pwsy jMmI mYl nUM cwkU nwl Kurc ky auqwr dyvo[
ie`k ktuMb qoN ie`k swl iv`c lgpg 300 gRwm mom iek`TI kIqI jw skdI hY[