ਕਪਾਹ

bI tI nrmw

iksm	ivSyS gux	isPwrS ielwkw
pI ey XU bI tI 2 (2022)	JwV: 10 kuieMtl pRqI eykV rUM dw ks 34.4% Aqy rySy dI lMbweI 27.6 imlImItr[ AmrIkn Aqy icqkbrI suMfIAW dw twkrw krdI hY[ ieh iksm p~kx iv~c l~gB~g 160 qoN 165 idn dw smW lYdNI hY[	swrw pMjwb
pI ey XU bI tI 3 (2022)	JwV: 10.2 kuieMtl pRqI eykV rUM dw ks 36.5% Aqy rySy dI lMbweI 26.2 imlImItr[ AmrIkn Aqy icqkbrI suMfIAW dw twkrw krdI hY[	swrw pMjwb

bI tI rihq nrmw

iksm	ivSyS gux	isPwrS ielwkw
AY& 2228 (2015)	AOsqn JwV 7.4 kuieMtl pRqI eykV rUM dw ks 34.4 pRqISq rySy dI lMbweI 29.0 imlImItr	swrw pMjwb
AYl AY~c 2108 (2013)	AOsqn JwV 8.4 kuieMtl pRqI eykV rUM dw ks 34.8 pRqISq rySy dI lMbweI 27.9 imlImItr	swrw pMjwb

dysI kpwh

iksm	ivSyS gux	isPwrS ielwkw
AYl fI 949 (2016)	AOsqn JwV 9.9 kuieMtl pRqI eykV rUM dw ks 40.1 pRqISq rySy dI lMbweI 20.7 imlImItr qyly, ic`tI m`KI, sokw rog Aqy bYktIrIAl blweIt dw twkrw krdI hY	swrw pMjwb
AY& fI ky 124 (2011)	AOsqn JwV 9.3 kuieMtl pRqI eykV rUM dw ks 36.4 pRqISq rySy dI lMbweI 21.0 imlImItr qyly, ic`tI m`KI, sokw rog Aqy bYktIrIAl blweIt dw twkrw krdI hY	swrw pMjwb
AYl fI 1019 (2018)	AOsqn JwV 8.6 kuieMtl pRqI eykV rUM dw ks 35.5 pRqISq rySy dI lMbweI 22.6 imlImItr qyly, ic`tI m`KI, sokw rog Aqy bYktIrIAl blweIt dw twkrw krdI hY	swrw pMjwb

ibjweI dw smW

1 ApRYl qoN 15 meI

kwSq dy FMg

fMUGI vhweI (sb swieilMg): Kyq iqAwr krn qoN pihlW ie`k mItr dI dUrI qy do qr&w fUMGI vhweI trYktr nwl c`lx vwly sb swielr (qih qoV hl) nUM 45-50 sYNtImItr fUMGw clwaux nwlkro[

zmIn dI iqAwrI: cMgy jMm leI Kyq nUM cMgI qrHW iqAwr krnw zrUrI hY[

bIj dI mwqrw

	iksmW	bIj dI mwqrw (iklo pRqI eykV)
bI tI nrmy dI iksm	pI ey XU bI tI 1	4.0 (bI tI nrmw)+1.0 (bI tI rihq nrmw )
bI tI nrmy dI dOglIAW iksmW	isPwrS kIqIAW hoeIAW dOglIAW iksmW, AYn sI AYs 855 bI jI Aqy AMkur 3028 bI jI	0.900 (bI tI nrmw) + 0.240 (bI tI rihq nrmw)
nrmy dI bI tI rihq doglI iksm	AYl AY~c AY~c 144	1.5
nrmy dI bI tI rihq iksmW	AY& 2228, AYl AY~c 2108 Aqy AYl AY~c 2076	3.5
nrmy dI bI tI rihq iksmW	AY& 2383	6.0
dysI kpwh	AYl fI 1019, AYl fI 949 Aqy AY& fI ky 124	3.0

bIj dI soD Aqy bIj iBauNxw

A`Dw gRwm (0.5 gRwm) AYmIswn 6 (imQoksIieQweIl mrkrIklorweIf) Aqy iek gRwm dw cOQw ih`sw (0.25 gRwm) stRYptosweIklIn Aqy A`Dw gRwm sksIink eyisf pRqI iklo bIj leI ie`k iltr pwxI ivc Golo[
lUM rihq bIj nUM 2 qoN 4 GMty Aqy bgYr lUM rihq bIj leI iBauNx dw smW 6-8 GMty hY[
ies soD qoN ipCoN vVyivAW nUM 5 gRwm gwco 70 fblXU AYs (ieimfwklopirf) jW krUzr 70 fblXU AYs (QwieEmIQwksm) iqMn gRwm pRqI iklo lw idE[
ij`Qy nrmy nUM Kwry pwxI (2.5 imlI iekueIlYNt pRqI lItr qoN ijæAwdw Awr AYs sI, bwkIsofIAm kwrbonyt) nwl isMcweI krnI pvy, au~Qy qrl bwieEPwrmulysæn (AYzo + pI AYs bI + izMk AYs bI) nwl bIj dI soD kro Aqy iehnW KyqW iv`c isPwirS kIqI ijpsm dw 25% vrqx nwl nrmy au~qy Kwry pwxI dy Asr nUM GtwieAw jw skdw hY[ ies qrHW krn nwl zmIn dI ishq brkrwr rihMdI hY Aqy JwV iv`c vI vwDw huMdw hY[

ibjweI qy &wslw

iksm	kqwrW iv`c &wslw	bUty qoN bUty dw &wslw
doglIAW iksmW (bI tI Aqy bI tI rihq)	67.5 sYNtImItr	75 sYNtImItr
bI tI rihq nrmy dIAW iksmW	67.5 sYNtImItr	60 sYNtImItr
AY& 2383 (sMGxI ibjweI)	67.5 sYNtImItr	15 sYNtImItr
dysI kpwh dIAW iksmW	67.5 sYNtImItr	45 sYNtImItr

pnIrI rwhIN bUitAW dI igxqI pUrI

bUitAW dI igxqI pUrI krn leI plwsitk dy il&wi&AW (4”x6”) iv`c im`tI Aqy rUVI dy brwbr Anupwq dy imSrx nwl Br ky augweI iqMn h&qy dI pnIrI lweI jw skdI hY[

nrmy dI &sl nUM kul 4 qoN 6 pwxI cwhIdy hn[
pihlw pwxI ibjweI qoN 4 qoN 6 h&qy bwAd Aqy ies ipCoN pwxI vrKw dy AwDwr qy do jW iqMn h&iqAW dy vkPy nwl idE[
nrmyN dI v`tW qy ibjweI nwl, isMcweI vwly pwxI dI kw&I b`cq kIqI jw skdI hY[
&sl nUM Pu`l inklx Aqy &l pYx smyN pwxI dI Gwt nhIN Awaux dyxI cwhIdI hY[
CotI &sl KVHw pwxI izAwdw icr nhIN shwr skdI, ies leI BwrI bwrsW dorwn pwxI dw inkws CyqI kr dyxw cwhIdw hY[
tINifAW nUM CyqI iKVwaux leI AmrIkn kpwh nUM AwKrI pwxI sqMbr dy AKIr ivc idE[
lUxy pwxI (cwlkqw 10 fY.sw./mI. qk) nwl isMcweI vwlIAw zmInW iv`c Jony dI prwlI qoN bxy bwieEcwr (16 kUieMtl pRqI eykV) pwaux nwl lUxy pwxI dy Asr nUM GtwieAw jw skdw hY Aqy nrmy dy JwV iv`c v`wDw huMdw hY[

qupkw isMcweI ivDI nwl pwxI Aqy KwdW dI vrqoN (PrtIgySn) : AmrIkn kpwh nUM 7 idnW dy vkPy qy brIk pweIpW (lytrl), ijnW dI Awps iv`c iv`Q 67.5 sYNtImItr Aqy fir~pr qoN fir~pr dw AwpsI &wslw 75 sYNtImItr hovy Aqy fir~pr ijnW dw inkws 2.2 iltr pRqI GMtw hovy, nwl hyT ilKy Anuswr pwxI lwau :

mhInw	isMcweI dw smW (imMt)*
meI/jUn	50
jUlweI	45
Agsq	40
sqMbr	35

smW =	2.2 x isMcweI dw smW (imMt)*
	fir`pr dw ifscwrj (iltr pRqI GMtw)

PrtIgySn : ies ivDI nwl 100 iklo XUrIAw (45 iklo nweItRojn) pRqI eykV ibjweI qoN 35 idnW qy SurU kro Aqy ies nMU 110-120 idnW q`k 10 brwbr ikSqW iv`c 7 idnW dy vk&y qy pwau [

iksmW	*q`q (iklo pRqI eykV)			KwdW (iklo pRqI eykV)
iksmW	nweItRojn	&ws&ors	XUrIAw	**fI ey pI	isMgl suprPwsPyt
bI tI nrmy dI iksm (pI ey XU bI tI 1)	37	12	80	27	75
Awm iksmW	30	12	65	27	75
doglIAW iksmW	42	12	90	27	75

* ieh q`q mMfI ivc imldIAW hor KwdW qoN vI pRwpq kIqy jw skdy hn[
** ijQy 27 iklo fI ey pI pwieAw hovy auQy XUrIey dI mwqrw 10 iklo Gtw idE[

drimAwnI potwS vwlIAW zmInW ivc kpwh dI &sl nUM 20 iklo imaUryt Aw& potwS Kwd Aqy 10 iklo izMk sl&yt hYptwhweIfryt pRqI eykV dy ihswb nwl pwau[
2% potwSIAm nweItRyt (13:0:45) dw Pu`lW dy SurU hox qoN lY ky iek h&qy dy vkPy qy 4 vwr iCVkw kro[
bI tI nrmy iv`c p`iqAW dI lwlI dI rokQwm 1 pRqISq mYgnISIAm slPyt (ie`k iklo mYgnISIAm slPyt nUM 100 iltr pwxI pRqI eykV iv`c Golx auprMq) dy do spryA 15 idnW dy vkPy qy Pu`lfofI pYx Aqy tINfy bxn vyly krky kIqI jw skdI hY[
BwrI jmInWiv`c bUitAW dy Axcwhy vwDy nU rokx leI cmqkwr (mYpIkueyt klorwief 5% AkUies slUsn) dy do spry 300 imlIiltr pRiq eykV dy ihswb nwl 80 – 100 lItr pwxI iv`c Golx auprNq ibjweI qoN 60 Aqy 75 75 idn mgroN kro[

rswiexk KwdW dI vrqoN sbMDI zrUrI nukqy

kxk, ijsnUM is&wrS kIqI geI &ws&ors dI mwqrw pweI hovy, qoN bwAd kpwh dI &sl nUM &ws&ors nw pwE[
swrI &ws&ors Aqy 25 iklo pRqI eykV mYgnISIAm slPyt ibjweI smyN pw idau[
swrIAW iksmW nUM A`DI nweItRojn bUty ivrly krn smyN Aqy bwkI A`DI Pu`l inklx smyN pwE[
jdoN zmIn dI mu`FlI aupjwaU SkqI G`t hovy qW nweItRojn Kwd dI pihlI ikSq bUty ivrly krn dI QW ibjweI smyN hI pw idE[

not : potwsIAm nweItryt jwN mYgnIsIAm slPyt jwN mYpIkueyt klorweIf dI isPwrs kIqI mwqrw nUM rs cUsx vwly kIiVAwN leI isPwrs kIqy nwskW nwl imlw ky (tYNk imks) nrmy auqy spry ikqw jw skdw

bI tI nrmy ivc loV Anuswr nweItrojn Kwd dI vrqoN leI ‘pI.ey.XU.-p`qw rMg cwrt’ ApxwE:

bUty ivrly krn smyN Aqy Pu`l inklx smyN 10 pOidAW dy au~proN pUry ivkisq hoey pihly p`qy dw rMg pOdy nwloN qoVy ibnW pI.ey.XU.-p`qw rMg cwrt nwl Awpxy prCwvyN ivc imlwE[[
10 p`iqAW ivcoN 6 jW v`D p`iqAW dy rMg dy ADwr qy hyT ilKy Anuswr XUrIAw Kwd pwE:[

pI.ey.XU. p`qw rMg cwrt Anuswr p`qy dw rMg	it`kI nMbr 4.5 qoN izAwdw	it`kI nMbr 4.5	it`kI nMbr 4	it`kI nMbr 3.5 jW G`t
XUrIAw (ik`lo/eykV)	0	20	35	50

not : p`qw rMg cwrt nwl rMg imlwaux leI cuxy pOidAW au~pr ibmwrI/kIiVAW dw hmlw, pwxI dI AOV/bhuqwq jW hor KurwkI q`qW dI Gwt nhIN hoxI cwhIdI[isMcweI Aqy hor KurwkI q`qW dI vrqoN is&wrS Anuswr kIqI jwxI cwhIdI hY[p`qw rMg cwrt BUmI ivigAwn ivBwg Aqy pswr kyNdr, pMjwb AYgrIklcrl XUnIvristI, luiDAwxw qoN KrIidAw jw skdw hY[

ietist

kW m`kI

qWdlw

m`kVw

puTkMFw

gu`qputnw

ic`bV vyl

v`fI doDk

B`KVw

kwSqkwrI FMg

do qoN iqMn gofIAW kw&I hn[
ndInW dI rokQwm leI pihlI gofI, pihly pwxI qoN pihlW kro[
trYktr nwl c`lx vwly it`lr jW iqRPwlI dI vrqoN vI CotI &sl ivc kIqI jw skdI hY[ tINfy pYx qoN bwAd ienHW dI vrqoN nw kro[

rswieixk FMg

ndIn nwSk dw iCVkwA svyr smyN jW Swm nUM kro[
ndIn nwSk dw iCVkwA PlYt PYn jW Pl`f jYt nozl vwly nYpsYk ip`TU pMp jW trYktr vwly pMp nwl iekswr iCVkwA kro[
stONp 30 eI sI iek iltr pRqI eykV 200 iltr pwxI ivc Gol ky ibjweI dy 24 GMty AMdr iCVko[
ijnHW KyqW ivc ndIn pihlw pwxI lwaux ipCoN jW mINh pYx qy au~gdy hn, auQy stONp 30 eI sI iek iltr pRqI eykV 200 iltr pwxI ivc Gol ky iCVkwA kro[
pihly pwxI qoN bwAd Kyq v`qr Awaux qy 500 imlIiltr pRqI eykV ihtvIf mYks 10 AYm eI sI (pwierIQwieaubYk sofIAm+ kuiejwloPwp ieQwiel) dw iCVkwA krn qy Gwh Aqy cOVy p`qy vwly mOsmI ndInW dI cMgI rokQwm kIqI jw skdI hY[ ieh ndIn nwSk lpytw vyl (guAwrw vyl) dI vI 2 qoN 5 p`iqAw dI AvsQw qy cMgw rokQwm krdI hY[
gofI dy bdl ivc mgroN augy ndInW nUM kwbU krn leI 500 imlIiltr/eykV grYmkson 24 AY`s AY`l (pYrwkuAYt) 100 iltr pwxI ivc Gol ky ibjweI qoN 6-8 h&qy bwAd jdoN &sl dw k`d qkrIbn 40-45 sYNtImItr hovy, &sl dIAW kqwrW ivckwr ndInW aupr is`Dw iCVkw kro[nwlI nUM spry smyN DrqI qoN 15-20 sYNtImItr dI aucweI qy r`Ko[ sur`iKAq hu`f dI vrqoN jrUr kro[

ndIn nwSkW dI vrqoN/gofI qoN bwAd bcy ndInW nUM bIj bxn qoN pihlW pu`t idau[

ic`tI m`KI

hrw qylw

mIlI b`g

AmrIkx sMufI

icqkbrI sMufI

gulwbI suMfI

qMbwkU dI sMufI

kIVy dw nW / nukswn	nukswn
ic`tI m`KI bwlg Aqy b`cy p`iqAW dy hyTly pwsy qoN rs cUsdy hn Aqy Sihd dy qupikAW vrgw ml k`Fdy hn[ ijs kwrn p`iqAW au~pr kwly rMg dI au~lI pYdw ho jWdI hY[	gYr rswieixk rokQwm izAwdw hmly vwly ielwikAW iv`c dysI kpwh dI ibjweI ƒ qrjIh idE[ ibjweI hr hwlq iv`c 15 meI qoN pihlW hI kro[ nweItRojn Kwd isPwrS kIqI mwqrw qoN v`D nw pwE[ Psl ƒ sokw nw l`gx idE[ ies dy PYlwA ƒ rokx leI ibjweI qoN pihlW KwlI QWvW, sVkW dy iknwirAW Aqy KwilAW dIAW v`tW iv`coN ic`tI m`KI Aqy lIP krl (p`qw mroV) ibmwrI dy bdlvyN ndIn ijvyN ik kMGI bMUtI, pIlI bUtI, pu`TkMfw, DqUrw, BMg Awid ƒ nSt kro[ ic`tI m`KI dIAW bdlvIAW &slW ijvyN ik bYNgx, AwlU, tmwtr, imrcw, mMUgI Awid qy PrvrI mhIny qoN lgwqwr srvyKx kro Aqy loV muqwibk rokQwm kro[ G`t lwgq vwly pIly kwrf 40 pRqI eykV dy ihswb nwl KyqW iv`c lgwE jo ik SurUAwqI AvsQw iv`c ic`tI m`KI dy vwDy ƒ rokx iv`c shwiek hn[ iCVkwA leI iPks tweIp kon nozl dI vrqo kro Aqy bUty dy au~pr qoN hyTW q`k swry p`iqAW qy iCVkwA kro[ ic~tI m`KI dy vwDy ƒ rokx leI isMQYitk pirQrwief kItnwSkW (sweIprmYQirn, PYnvlryt, fYltwmYQirn) AYsIPyt, prwief Awid dI vrqoN nw kro[ rswieixk rokQwm jdoN svyry 10 vjy qoN pihlW p`iqAW qy ic`tI m`KI dI igxqI 6 jW v`D pRqI p`qw ho jwvy jW 50 pRqISq bUitAW dy p`iqAW qy Sihd vrgIAW bUMdW idKweI dyx qW hyT ilKy kItnwSkW iv`coN iksy ie`k nUM 125-150 iltr pwxI iv`c Gol ky pRqI eykV iCVkwA kro: 1200 imlIiltr Gr dw bxwieAw inMm dw Gol 1.0 iltr inMbIsIfIn jW AcUk (inMm ADwirq kItnwSk) 80 gRwm aulwlw 50 fblXU jI (Ploinkwimf) 60 gRwm aSIn 20 AYs jI ( fwieAwPYnQIXUron ) 400 imlIiltr Aplof 25 AYs sI (bUproPYizn) 200 gRwm polo/kryj/rUbI/lUfo/SokU 50 fblXU pI (fwieAwPYnQUXUIron) 500 imlIiltr lYno/fYtw 10 eI sI (pwierIproksIiPn) 200 imlIiltr Ebryn/voltyz 22.9 AYs sI (spYromYsIiPn) 20 gRwm fYNttotsU 50 fblXU jI (kloQIAnifn) 800 imlIiltr PosmweIt/eI-mweIt/volQIAwn/golf imt 50 eI sI (eIQIAwn)
hrw qylw bwlg Aqy b`cy dno hI p`iqAW dI hyTlI sqih qoN rs cUsdy hn[ p`qy kMnIAW qoN pIly pY ky muV jWdy hn Aqy JurV-murV ho ky lwl rMg dy ho jWdy hn[	bIj nUM ieimfwklopirf 70 fblXU AYs (gwco) 5 gRwm jW QwieamIQwksm 30 AYP AYs (krUjr) 7 gRwm pRqI iklo dy ihswb nwl soD ky bIjo[ KVHI Psl qy qyly dI rokQwm jdoN 50 pRqISq bUitAW dy pUry bx cu`ky p`qy iknwirAW qo pIly pY jwx qW hyT ilKy kItnwSkW iv`coN iksy ie`k nUM 125-150 iltr pwxI iv`c Gol ky pRqI eykV iCVkwA kro: 80 gRwm aulwlw 50 fblXU jI (Ploinkwimf) 60 gRwm aSIn 20 AYs jI ( fwieAwPYnQIXUron ) 40 imlIiltr konPIfor/konPIfYNs/ iemIfwsYl/mwrkPYf 17.8 AYs AYl (iemIfwklpoirf) 300 imlIiltr kIPn 15 eI sI (tolPYnpwierYf) 40 gRwm Ayktwrw/Aykstrw supr/doqwrw/Qomsn 25 fblXU jI (QwieAwmIQwksm)
mIlI b`g b`cy Aqy bwlgy p`iqAW, tihxIAW, Pu`l fofIAW Aqy nvyN bxy tINifAW dw rs cUsdy hn[ izAwdw hmly dI sUrq iv`c bUitAW qy kwlI au~lI jMm jWdI hY Aqy vwDw ruk jWdw hY[	500 imlIiltr AplOf/itRibaUn 25 eI sI (bUproPYizn)
BUrI jMU BUrI jUM dy b`cy Aqy bwlg pihlW p`iqAW dI au~prlI siqh ƒ Krocdy hn Aqy bwAd iv`c p`qy iv`coN inkl ky rs ƒ cUsdy hn[ izAwdw hmlw hox dI sUrq iv`c p`qy dUroN hI KwkI Aqy JurV murV jwpdy hn[	170 imlIiltr fYlIgyt 11.7 AYs sI (spweIntorm)[ 500 imlIiltr ikaUrwkron/ sYlkron 50 eI sI (pRoPYnoPws)[ 200 gRwm polo 50 fblXU pI (fwieAwPYnQUXUron)[
AmrIkx sMufI ieh suMfI Pu`l fofI Aqy tINifAW iv`c morIAW krky &sl dw nukswn krdI hY[ hmly kwrn pOdy vDdy qW rihMdy hn pr tINfy G`t l`gdy hn[	bI tI nrmw, tINfy kwxy krn vwlIAW suMfIAW dI bhuq vDIAw rokQwm krdI hY[ AKIr iv`c jy krky bI tI nrmy qy AmrIkx suMfI dw hmlw AwriQk kgwr qoN v`D jwvy qW is&wrS kIqIAW kItnwSk dvweIAW dI vrqoN kro[ pihlw iCVkwA au~doN kro jdoN 25 pRqISq pOdy Pu`l/fofI qy Awauxy SurU ho jwx Aqy ies qoN bwAd 10 idn dy vkPy qy AwKrI cugweI qoN 2 hPqy pihlW q`k iCVkwA krdy rho[ jdoN 5 pRqISq qwjI ikrI Pu`l fofI kwxI hovy qW hyT ilKy kItnwSkW iv`coN iksy ie`k nUM 125-150 iltr pwxI iv`c Gol ky pRqI eykV iCVkwA kro: 40 imlIiltr Pym 480 AYs sI (PlUbYNfIAwmweIf) 250 gRwm lwrivn 75 fblXU pI (QwieEfIkwrb) 500 imlIiltr ikaurwkrwn/ krInw/ pRoPYks/ islkrwn 50 eI sI (proPYnoPws) 800 imlIiltr PwsmweIt/eI-mweIt/voliQAwn 50 eI sI (eIQIAwn) v`fIAW sMufIAW dI rokQwm leI 60 imlIiltr korwzn 18.5 AYs Ayl (klorAYNtrwnIlIprol) 60 imlIiltr trysr 48 AYs sI (spweInosYf) 200 imlIiltr AvWt 15 eI sI (ieMfokswkwrb) 300 imlIiltr sUmIplIE 10 eI sI (pwierIiflwiel) 800 gRwm AorQIn/AwswtwP/stwrQIn/ mwrkPyt 75 AYs pI (AysIPyt) 2 iltr korobwn/frsbwn/durm`t/ klorgwrf/ rwfwr/ lIQl/ Pors/ mwrkpweIrIPws 20 eI sI (klorpweIrIPws)
icqkbrI sMufI ieh sMufI pihlW &sl dIAW krUMblW dw nukswn krdI hY[ hmly kwrn Pu`l fofI Aqy tINfy JV jWdy hn[	jdoN 5 pRqISq qwjI ikrI Pu`l fofI kwxI hovy qW hyT ilKy kItnwSkW iv`coN iksy ie`k nUM 125-150 iltr pwxI iv`c Gol ky pRqI eykV iCVkwA kro: 40 imlIiltr Pym 480 AYs sI (PlUbYNfIAwmweIf) 250 gRwm lwrivn 75 fblXU pI (QwieEfIkwrb) 500 imlIiltr ikaurwkrwn/ krInw/ pRoPYks/ islkrwn 50 eI sI (proPYnoPws) 800 imlIiltr PwsmweIt/eI-mweIt/voliQAwn 50 eI sI (eIQIAwn) v`fIAW sMufIAW dI rokQwm leI 60 imlIiltr korwzn 18.5 AYs Ayl (klorAYNtrwnIlIprol) 60 imlIiltr trysr 48 AYs sI (spweInosYf) 200 imlIiltr AvWt 15 AYs sI (ieMfokswkwrb) 300 imlIiltr sUmIplIE 10 eI sI (pwierIiflwiel) 800 gRwm AorQIn/AwswtwP/stwrQIn/ mwrkPyt 75 AYs pI (AysIPyt) 2 iltr korobwn/frsbwn/durm`t/ klorgwrf/ rwfwr/ lIQl/ Pors/ mwrkpweIrIPws 20 eI sI (klorpweIrIPws)
gulwbI suMfI ieh kIVw Pu`lW dIAW p`qIAW nUM joV ky BMbIrI dI Skl vWg bxw idMdw hY Aqy AMdro-AMdr KWdw hY[ hmly vwly tINfy pUrI qrHW nhIN iKVdy[	jdoN 5 pRqISq qwjI ikrI Pu`l fofI kwxI hovy qW hyT ilKy kItnwSkW iv`coN iksy ie`k nUM 125-150 iltr pwxI iv`c Gol ky pRqI eykV iCVkwA kro: 100 imlIiltr Pwstwk/AylPwgwrf/mYirf AlPw 10 eI sI (AylPwmYQirn) 300 imlIiltr bulfwk 0.25 AYs sI (bItw-swePlUQirn) 200 imlIiltr irpkwrf/iblisp/bul`t/ ausqwd/ sweIprgwrf 10 eI sI (sweIprmYQirn) 80 imlIiltr isMbuS/sweIprikl/ ihlsweIpr/kolt/bwswQRIn/ AygrosweIpr/ sweIpRgwrf/ mwrksweIpr 25 eI sI (sweIprmYQirn) 160 imlIiltr fyiss/rukwirMn/fYsIkyAr 2.8 eI sI (fYltwmYQirn) 100 imlIiltr sumIsIfIn/Pynvl/AygroiPn/Pynilk/ itRmPkwrf/ snbIn/ Pynvlryt/ imliPMn PweIiPn/ mwrkPYnkvl/ PynrIE 20 eI sI (Pynvlryt) 300 imlIiltr mIEiQRn 10 eI sI (PynpRopYiQRn)
qMbwkU dI sMufI CotIAW sMufIAW JMufW iv`c p`iqAW dw hrw mwdw KWdIAW hn Aqy p`iqAW ƒ CwnxI kr idMdIAW hn[ v`fIAW suMfIAW swry Kyq iv`c iKlr ky nukswn krdIAW hn[	hyT ilKy kItnwSkW iv`coN iksy ie`k nUM 125-150 iltr pwxI iv`c Gol ky pRqI eykV iCVkwA kro: 150 imlIiltr rImon 10 eI sI (novwilErwn) 60 imlIiltr korwizn 18.5 AYs AYl (klorntpwnIlIpwrol)
dysI kpwh dI tINfy dIAW sMufIAW	dysI kpwh qy tINifAW dIAW sMufIAW dI rokQwm leI pihlw iCVkwA audoN kro jdoN 25 pRqISq pOdy Pu`l-fofI qy Awauxy SurU ho jwx[ 10 idn dy vkPy qy AwKrI cugweI qoN 2 hPqy pihlW q`k iCVkwA krdy rho[ rokQwm leI bI tI rihq nrmyN iv`c id`qI swrxI iv`c id`qIAW geIAW kItnwSkW ivcoN iksy ie`k dw iCVkwA krnw cwhIdw hY[ not :drimAwnIAW Aqy BwrIAW zmInW iv`c bIjI dysI kpwh dy pOdy keI vwr au~cy ho jWdy hn, ijs krky kpwh dIAW sMufIAW dI rokQwm leI kIqy jwx vwly iCVkwvW dw Asr G`t hMudw hY[ies leI tINfy dIAW sMufIAW dy Asrdwr rswieixk rokQwm leI 1.5 mItr qoN au~cy bUty au~proN dwqI jW kWt CWt vwlI kYNcI jW qUq dI hrI CtI nwl smyN smyN isr k`tdy rho[

p`qw mroV

bYktIrIAl blweIt

p`iqAW dy D`ibAW dw rog

pYrw ivlt

p`qy kumlwauxw

ibmwrI dw nW Aqy l`Cx/inSwnIAW	rokQwm
p`qw mroV (Leaf curl) ic`tI m`KI nwl PYlx vwlw ieh ie`k ivSwxU rog[ bUitAW dy p`iqAW dIAW hyTlIAW nwVW motIAW ho jWdIAW hn[ CotIAW Aqy v`fIAW nwVW auqy CotIAW-CotIAW p`qIAW inkl AwauNdIAW hn[ izAwdw ibmwrI dI hwlq iv`c bUty Coty rih jWdy hn Aqy p`qy kOlIAW/k`pW dI Skl A^iqAwr kr lYNdy hn[ rogI bUty nUM Pu`l Aqy fofIAW G`t l`gdy hn Aqy JwV vI G`t jWdw hY[	rog dw twkrw krn vwlIAW iksmW dI kwSq kro[ dysI kpwh nMU p`qw mroV rog nhI l`gdw[ nrmy nUM inMbU jwqI dy bwgW ivc Aqy iBMfI dy KyqW nyVy nw bIjo[ nrmy dy KyqW ivc SurU qoN hI ibmwrI vwly bUty smyN-smyN isr pu`t ky dbwauNdy rho[ ies leI bIj dI mwqrw is&wrS kIqI mwqrw qoN G`t nw vrqo[ nrmy nUM ic`tI m`KI dy hmly qoN bcwaux leI isPwirS FMg Apxwau[ Kyq ivc kMGI bUtI qy pIlI bUtI Aqy hor ndInW dy bUitAW nUM nSt kro[
bYktIrIAl blweIt (Bacterial blight) p`iqAW dy dovyN pwsy pwxI iB`jy nokdwr D`by pY jWdy hn[ ieh D`by bwAd ivc BUry Aqy iPr kwly ho ky su`k jWdy hn[ nvyN bx rhy tINifAW au~pr vI Coty gol pwxI iB`jy AMdr D`sy D`by pY jWdy hn [	rog rihq bIj dI vrqo kro[ &sl lYx qoN bwAd rihMd-KUMhd nUM Kyq iv`coN k`F ky cMgI qrHW nSt kr idau[
p`iqAW dy D`ibAW dw rog (Leaf spots) mwieroQISIAm au~lI nwl p`iqAW Aqy tINifAW au~qy gol BUry rMg dy jwmxI iknwirAW vwly D`byjoik bwAd iv`c kwly rMg dy itmkxy ijhy bx jWdy hn[ AwltrnyrIAW au~lIAW dy hmly nwl p`iqAW au~qy hlky pIly qoN BUry rMg dy byFMgy Awkwr dy D`by jo ik bwAd iv`c gUVHy ho jWdy hn Aqy auhnW D`ibAW iv`c gol DwrIAW vI bx jWdIAW hn[	&sl lYx qoN bwAd rihMd-KUMhd nUM Kyq iv`coN k`F ky cMgI qrHW nSt kr idau[ p`iqAw qy D`ibAw dIAW inSwnIAW njr Awaux qy 200 im.il AYmIstwr tOp nUM 200 iltr pwxI iv`c Gol ky pRqI eykV iCVkwA kro[ loV pYx qy 15-20 idnW dy vkPy qy ieh iCVkwA duhrwau[
pYrw ivlt (Parawilt) soky qoN bwAd &sl nUM pwxI lwieAw jwvy jW Bwrw mINh pY jwvy qW bUitAW dy p`qy Acwnk murJw jWdy hn Aqy kuJ idnW bwAd JV jWdy hn[	pYrw ivlt dIAW muFlIAW inSwnIAW dyKdy swr hI ienHW bUitAW aupr kobwlt klorweIf 10 imlIgRwm pRqI iltr iv`c Gol ky spry kro[ jykr bUty pUrI qrHW murJw gey hox qW ieh spry Asr nhIN krdI[
p`qy kumlwauxw (Wilt) pihlW p`qy pIly pY jWdy hn Aqy bwAd iv`c BUry Aqy kumlwA ky DrqI qy if`g pYNdy hn[ pOdy pUry jW A`D-pc`Dy kumlwA skdy hn[ pOdy dIAW pwxI qy Kurwk lY jwx vwlIAW nwVIAW dw rMg BUrw Aqy kwlw ho jWdw hY[	dysI kpwh dIAw iksmW AYl fI 949 Aqy AYl fI 1019 bIjo jo ies ibmwrI dw twkrw kr skdIAW hn[ ibmwrI dw Asr Gtwaux leI kpwh nUM 5-6 swl leI ibmwrI vwly KyqW iv`c nw bIjo[ hmly vwly KyqW ivc nrmy dI kwSq kro ikauNik ieh ibmwrI nrmy nUM nhIN l`gdI[