ਕੁਫ਼ਰੀ ਸੂਰਯਾ
ku&rI sUrXw
ਕੁਫ਼ਰੀ ਚੰਦਰਮੁਖੀ
ku&rI cMdrmuKI
ਕੁਫ਼ਰੀ ਅਸ਼ੋਕਾ
ku&rI ASokw
ਕੁਫ਼ਰੀ ਪੁਖਰਾਜ
ku&rI puKrwj
ਕੁਫ਼ਰੀ ਪੁਸ਼ਕਰ
ku&rI puSkr
ਕੁਫ਼ਰੀ ਜਯੋਤੀ
ku&rI jXoqI
ਕੁਫ਼ਰੀ ਬਹਾਰ
ku&rI bhwr
ਕੁਫ਼ਰੀ ਸੰਧੂਰੀ
ku&rI sMDUrI
ਕੁਫ਼ਰੀ ਬਾਦਸ਼ਾਹ
ku&rI bwdSwh
ਕੁਫ਼ਰੀ ਚਿਪਸੋਨਾ-1
ku&rI icpsonw-1
ਕੁਫ਼ਰੀ ਚਿਪਸੋਨਾ-3
ku&rI icpsonw-3
ਕੁਫ਼ਰੀ ਫਰਾਈਸੋਨਾ
ku&rI PrweIsonw
ਪੀ. ਪੀ. 101
pI. pI. 101
ਪੀ. ਪੀ. 102
pI. pI. 102
iksm/ivSyS gux JwV kuieMtl pRqI eykV
pI. pI.-101 (2023)
  • ies iksm dy AwlU moty, hlkI BUrI iC~l vwly, AMfwkwr,p`DrIAW A`KW vwly Aqy ic~ty gu`dy vwly huMdy hn [
  • AwlU dI ieh iksm AgyqI putweIleI vI vDIAw rihMdI hY[ iesdw AOsqn JwV 178 kuieMtl pRqI eykV hY[
100-125
pI. pI.-102 (2023)
  • ies iksm dy AwlU hlky BUry, AMfwkwr, p`DrIAW A`KW vwly Aqyhlky pIly gu~dy vwly huMdy hn [
  • iesdw JwV 184 kuieMtl pRqI eykV hY[
100-125
ku&rI sUrXw
  • grmI nUM sihxSIl iksm hY jo 90-100 idnW iv`c iqAwr ho jWdI hY [
  • iesnUM ipCyqw Juls rog nhIN l`gdw [
100-125
ku&rI cMdrmuKI (1981)
  • ies iksm nUM pCyqw Juls rog l`g skdw hY [
100
ku&rI ASokw
  • ieh iksm ku&rI cMdrmuKI iksm qoN vI AgyqI iqAwr ho jWdI hY [
  • ies iksm nUM pCyqw Juls rog l`g skdw hY pr AgyqI hox kwrn ieh iksm ies ibmwrI qoN bc jWdI hY[
110
ku&rI puKrwj
  • ies qoN qkrIbn 70 idnW iv`c ku&rI cMdrmuKI dy brwbr pYdwvwr leI jw skdI hY [
  • ieh iksm pCyqw Juls rog nUM brdwSq nhIN kr skdI [
130
ku&rI puSkr
  • ieh drimAwny smyN dI iksm hY qy 90-100 idnW iv`c iqAwr ho jWdI hY [
  • iesnUM ipCyqw Juls rog nhIN l`gdw qy iesdy AwlU Awm hwlqW iv`c stor kIqy jw skdy hn[
160-170
ku&rI jXoqI
  • pCyqy Juls rog nUM sihx dI kw&I smrQw hY qy ivSwxU rogW rwhIN ies dw pqn (ivgwV) kw&I m`Dm gqI nwl huMdw hY [
80 qoN 120
ku&rI bhwr
  • ies nUM pCyqw Juls rog vDyry l`gdw hY[
125
ku&rI sMDUrI
  • ieh kuJ pCyqI iksm hY jo ik iqAwr hox leI 110-120 idn lYNdI hY [
120
ku&rI bwdSwh
  • ies iksm iv`c pCyqy Juls rog leI sihxSIlqw hY [
130
ku&rI icpsonw-1
  • iesdy AwlUAW iv`c su`kw mwdw 21% huMdw hY [
  • iesnUM ipCyqw Juls rog nhIN l`gdw qy icps bnwaux leI Fu`kvI hY [
170-180
ku&rI icpsonw-3
  • iesnUM ipCyqw Juls rog nhIN l`gdw [
  • iesdy AwlU iv`c s`ukw mwdw 21.5% huMdw hY [
  • iesdy AwlUAW iv`c S`kr dI mwqrw G`t (100 imlIgRwm/100 gRwm AwlU) huMdI hY [
  • iesdy AwlU icps bnwaux leI Fu`kvy huMdy hn [
165-175
ku&rI PrweIsonw
  • AwlUAW iv`c su`kw pdwrQ 22% huMdw hY [
  • iesdy AwlU dw Awkwr 75 imlImItr dw huMdw hY jo PrYNc PwreIz bnwaux leI TIk rihMdy hn[
160-170
kwSq dy FMg
hrI Kwd :
  • 20 iklo sx jW jMqr jUn dy AwKrI h&qy qoN julweI dy pihly h&qy iv`c bIjo [ jd &sl 7-8 h&qy dI ho jwvy qW aus nUM zmIn iv`c vwh idau qW ik auh AwlU bIjx qoN pihlW-pihlW cMgI qrHW gl-sVH jwvy[
zmIn dI iqAwrI :
  • aultwvyN hl nwl ie`k vwrI vwhux qoN bwAd, qvIAW nwl jW swDwrn hl nwl vwho [ smu`cy qOr qy vhweI zmIn dI iksm qy inrBr krygI [ hlkIAW ryqlIAW zmInW iv`c kyvl qvIAW clw dyxIAW hI kw&I hn [
  • zmIn iqAwr hox auprMq gohy dI rUVI ibjweI qoN pihlw pw idau [ Aijhw krnw rUVI nUM vwhI smyN Kyq iv`c imlwaux nwloN vDyry guxkwrI hY [
  • jy ndIn jW pihlI &sl dy mu`FW dI koeI Kws sm`isAw nw hovy qW AwlU dI &sl mwmUlI vhweI nwl vI lweI jw skdI hY qy JwV iv`c koeI Gwt nhIN AwauNdI [
bIj dI mwqrw :
  • p`qJV ru`q dI &sl leI 40-50 gRwm Bwr dy AwlU 12-18 kuieMtl pRqI eykV vrqo[
  • hr 3-4 swl bwAd nvW bIj lY ky purwxy bIj nUM bdl dyxw cwhIdw hY [
  • bIj hmySw bIj auqpwdn ivDI nwl hI iqAwr krnw cwhIdw hY [
  • jy p`qJV dI &sl qoN pu`itAw AwlU ausy smyN bhwr ru`q dI &sl bIjx leI vrqxw hovy qW aus dI nINd lwh lYxI cwhIdI hY [ Aijhw krn leI k`ty hoey AwlUAW nUM 1 pRqISq (10 gRwm) Qwieau XUrIAw qy 1 imlIgRwm pRqI iltr izbrYilk eyisf dy Gol iv`c ie`k GMtw fobx auprMq CW iv`c sukw lau [
bIj AwlU nUM rog rihq krnw qy ibjweI qoN pihlW iqAwrI :
  • AwlUAW dy KrINF rog dI rokQwm leI monsrn 2.5 im.il. pRqI iltr pwxI dy Gol iv`c gudwm qoN k`Fx auprMq 10 imMtW leI fubo ky soDo [
  • bIj nUM srd KwinAW iv`coN k`F ky is`Dw hI nhIN bIijAw jw skdw[ ienHW nUM pihly p`Ky dI hvw nwl sukw lvo qy iksy TMFI QW, ijQy qyz rOSnI nw pYNdI hovy iKlwr idau qy 8-10 idn leI ipAw rihx idE [ Aijhw krn nwl Putwrw SurU ho jWdw hY qy Pot vI nroeI huMdI hY [
ibjweI dw smW :
  • mYdwnI ielwikAW iv`c ibjweI dw sB qoN Fu`kvW smW p`qJV &sl leI AKIr sqMbr qoN A`D AkqUbr qy bhwr ru`q leI jnvrI dw pihlw pMdrHvwVw hY [
  • ibjweI krn leI mOky muqwbk cl rhy qwpmwn nUM vI iDAwn iv`c r`Kx dI loV hY [
ibjweI dw qrIkw :
  • jd zmIn pUrI qrHW iqAwr ho jwvy qW v`tW dy inSwn lgw lvo [ ibjweI h`QIN krnI hovy qW v`tW bnwaux vwly hl dI vrqoN kroN [
  • trYktr nwl ibjweI krnI hovy qW ArD svY-cwlk mSInW dI is&wrS kIqI jwdI hY [
  • v`tW 60 sYNtImItr dI iv`Q Aqy AwlU Awpo iv`c 20 sYNtImItr dI iv`Q qy hoxy cwhIdy hn[
  • d`Kx p`CmI izilHAW iv`c ibjweI 50-55 sY.mI. cOVy bY~fW auqy do kqwrW iv`c krn nwl v`D JwV imldw hY Aqy pwxI dI b`cq huMdI hY[
  • jYivk Kwd: AwlU bIjx smyN knSorSIAm jIvwxU Kwd 4 iklo pRqI eykV nUM im`tI iv`c rlw ky pwaux nwl AwlU dw JwV vDdw hY Aqy nwl hI zmIn dI ishq iv`c vI suDwr huMdw hY [ knSorSIAm dw tIkw pMjwb AYgrIklcrl XUnIvristI dy mweIkRobwieAwlojI ivBwg pwso imldw hY [
  • 20 tn gohy dI rUVI rUVI dI Kwd ibjweI qoN 10-15 idn pihlW pw idE [
  • 83 iklo XUrIAw, 155 iklo supr&ws&yt 40 iklo imaUryt AwP potwS pRqI eykV dy ihswb ibjweI vyly pw idau[ 82 iklo XUrIAw im`tI cwVHx smyN pw idau [
  • Kyq iv`c 25 kuieMtl pRqI eykV dy ihswb nwl prwlI ivCwaux qy 18 iklo pRqI eykV G`t nweItRojn vrqxI cwhIdI hY [
  • jy im`tI prK irport iv`c KurwkI q`qW dI Gwt d`sI geI hovy qW KwdW dI mwqrw vDweI jw skdI hY [
  • not : is&wrS nwloN izAwdw nweItRojn Kwd, rUVI jW hrI Kwd dw bdl nhIN [
  • bwieEzweIm dI vrqoN : bwieEzweIm dy ikxky 8 iklo pRqI eykV dy ihswb nwl pihlW AwlUAW dI ibjweI smyN Aqy iPr 8 iklo pRqI eykV im`tI cVHwaux smyN pwE [ ies qoN ielwvw bwieEzweIm qrl dI vrqoN 200 imlIiltr pRqI eykV dy ihswb nwl spryA kro[ies dy nwl AwlUAW dI pYdwvwr v`DdI hY[
im`tI cwVHxw :
  • duv`ly PwilAW vwlw im`tI pltwaU hl jW v`tW bnwaux vwly hl dI shwieqw nwl ibjweI qoN koeI 25-30 idnW bwAd im`tI cwVH dyxI cwhIdI hY [
ndInW dI rokQwm :
ibjweI qoN qurMq bwAd Kyq iv`c 25 kuieMtl Jony dI prwlI pRqI eykV dy ihswb ivCwaux nwl ndInW dI cMgI rokQwm kIqI jw skdI hY jW ndInW dI rokQwm leI hyT iliKAW iv`coN iksy vI ndIn nwSk dI vrqoN kIqI jw skdI hY :
ndIn nwSk imkdwr pRqI eykV vrqoN dw smW
sYnkor/qnoSI 70 fblXU pI (mYtrIibaUizn) 200 gRwm ndInW dy jMm qoN pihlw Aqy pihly pwxI qoN bwAd
grYmYkson 24 AY`s AY`l (pYrwkUAYt) 500-750 imlIiltr jd AwlUAW dw jMm 5-10% hY[
putweI
  • trYktr nwl c`lx vwlI putweI vwlI mSIn imldI hY[ putweI smyN zmIn ivc TIk v`qr hoxw cwhIdw hY [ bldW nwl c`lx vwlI mSIn vI vrqI jw skdI hY [ AwlUAW nUM pu`tx qoN ip`CoN 10-15 idn Kyq iv`c pey rihx idau [
drzwbMdI
pu`tx qoN bwAd AwlUAW dy 4 drzy bnwauxy cwhIdy hn:
  • Cotw Awkwr (25 gRwm qoN G`t)
  • drimAwnw Awkwr (25-50 gRwm)
  • (e) v`fw Awkwr (50-75 gRwm)
  • (s) bhuq v`fw Awkwr (75 gRwm qoN v`D) [
stor krnw
  • bIj r`Kx leI, AwlUAW nUM aus kolf stor iv`c r`Ko ijs dw qwpmwn 2-4 ifgrI sYNtIgRyf qy nmIN 75-80% hovy[
Kwx vwly AwlUAW nUM stor krnw
  • AwlU dIAW iqMn iksmW ku&rI cMdrmuKI, ku&rI jXoqI Aqy ku&rI icpsonw-1 nUM pMj mhIny leI 10+1 ifgrI sYNtIgRyf qwpmwn Aqy 90-95% nmI vwly stor iv`c sur`iKAq r`iKAw jw skdw hY [
  • ienHW iksmW nUM stor dOrwn sI AweI pI sI dw DUMAW 40 imlIiltr pRqI tn, do vwr dyxw zrUrI hY [ pihlw DUMAW Putwrw SurU hox dy qurMq bwAd Aqy dUsrI vwr pihly DUMeyN qoN 60 idnW bwAd krnw cwhIdw hY [
  • ies ivDI nwl stor kIqy gey AwlUAW iv`c imTws (0.25%) bhuq G`t huMdI hY Aqy AwlUAW nUM vDIAw icps Aqy sbzI bxwaux vwsqy vriqAw jw skdw hY [
bIj leI AwlU iqAwr krn dI ivDI
  • ies ivDI dw mnorQ hY pMjwb iv`c aus smyN Arog &sl lYxI jdoN ik qylw G`t qoN G`t hovy [ ieh kIVw keI ivSwxU rogW nUM PYlwauNdw hY ijvyN ik p`qw muVn dw rog, ivSwxU ‘AYks’, ivSwxU ‘ey’ qy ivSwxU ‘vweI’ [
  • bIj vwlI &sl leI Arog, ivSwxU rogw qoN rihq &sl dw bIj lY ky AkqUbr dy pihly pMdrHvwVy bIjxw cwhIdw hY [ jykr bIj sMGxw ArQwq 50¿15 sYNtImItr dI iv`Q qy bIijAw jwvy qW bIj leI FukvyN Akwr dy AwlU vDyry pRwpq huMdy hn [ ie`k eykV qoN iqAwr kIqw hoieAw bIj 8-10 eykV &sl lwaux leI kw&I hY [
  • qyly qy dUsry kIiVAW dI rokQwm leI is&wrS kIqIAW hdwieqW qy Aml krnw cwhIdw hY [ jy koeI bUtw dyKx nUM rogI jwpy qW aus nUM k`F dyxw cwhIdw hY [
  • A`D dsMbr qoN pwxI Gtw dyxw cwhIdw hY qy bwAd iv`c au~kw hI bMd kr dyxw cwhIdw hY qW jo pqrwl, qyly dI kw&I igxqI hox qoN pihlw hI murJwA ky hyTW nUM muV jwvy[
  • dsMbr dy AKIr jW jnvrI dy pihly h&qy jd ik qyly dI igxqI 20 kIVy pRqI 100 p`qy ho jwvy qW p`qy k`t idau[
  • ies qoN bwAd qkrIbn 15 idnW leI zmIn iv`c rihx idau qW ik AwlU pUrI qrHW iqAwr ho jwx[
  • &sl pu`tx auprMq drjwbMdI krky kolf stor iv`c r`Kx leI Byj idau qy p`qJV dI &sl lwaux q`k auQy hI r`Ko [
ਤੇਲਾ ਤੇ ਚੇਪਾ
cypw

nukswn

rokQwm

qylw qy cypw

rs cUsx qoN ibnW cypw ivSwxU rog dI CUq vI PYlwauNdw hY Aqy bIj dI kuAwiltI vI GtwauNdw hY[
qyly dy hmly vwly p`iqAW dIAW TUTIAW bx jWdIAW hn Aqy p`qy pIly pY ky su`k jwdy hn[

kuqrw suMfI (cor suMfI)

ieh suMfI Coty pOidAW nUM zmIn dI p`Dr qoN k`t idMdI hY Aqy bwAd iv`c AwlUAW iv`c KoVW pw idMdI hY[

ਪਿਛੇਤਾ ਝੁਲਸ ਰੋਗ ਖਰੀਂਢ ਰੋਗ ਧੱਫੜੀ ਰੋਗ ਗੁੱਛਾ-ਮੁੱਛਾ ਰੋਗ ਚਿਤਕਬਰਾ ਰੋਗ
ipCyqw Juls rog KrINF rog D`PVI rog gu`Cw-mu`Cw rog icqkbrw rog
ibmwrI dw nW / l`Cx rokQwm
ipCyqw Juls rog
  • p`iqAW dy iknwirAW qy pwxI isMmdy D`by bx jWdy hn jo ik bwAd iv`c kwly pY jWdy hn[
  • p`iqAW dy hyTly pwsy svyr smyN ic`tI au`lI njr AwauNdI hY[

Decision Support System
  • Arog bIj hI bIjo[
  • Psl qy AYNtrwkol/ ieMfoiPl AYm-45/ mws AYm-45/ mwrkzY~b/ kvc 500-700 gRwm jW kwpr AoksIklorweIf jW mwrkkwpr 750-1000 gRwm pRqI eykV 250-350 iltr pwxI iv`c Gol ky nvMbr dy pihly hPqy iCVkwA kro[
  • ieh iCVkwA 7 idnW dI iv`Q qy 5 vwr dhrwE[
  • jykr ibmwrI dw Kqrw vDyry hovy qW qIjw Aqy cOQw iCVkwA imlofI ifE jW irfoiml golf jW sYktn 60 jI jW krjyt AYm-8, 700 gRwm pRqI eykV jW eIkUeySn pRo jW rIvs 200 im.il. pRqI eykV 10 idnW dy vkPy qy kro[
  • AKIrlw iCVkwA iefoiPl AYm-45 jW mws AYm-45 jW mwrkzYb jW AYNtrwkol jW kvc dw hI kro[
  • au~lInwSkW dI suc`jI vrqoN leI vY~b ADwirq inrxwiek pRxwlI ApxwE[
KrINF rog
  • rogI AwlUAW au`qy Kurdry kwly rMg dy KrINF pY jWdy hn[
  • ienHW AwlUAW qoN pYdw hoey bUty murJwey hoey jwpdy hn[
  • rog rihq bIj hI bIjo[
  • bIjy jwx vwly AwlUAW nUM 80 im.iL. isstIvw jW 83 im.iL. iemYsto pRweIm jW 250 im.iL. monsrn nwl pRqI 100 iltr pwxI dy Gol iv`c 10 imMtW leI fob ky rog rihq kro[
  • ies qo ielwvw 80 im.iL. isstIvw nUM 8 iltr pwxI iv`c Gol ky AwlUAW qy iCVkwA krky vI roikAw jw skdw hY[
D`PVI rog
  • AwlUAW au~pr 0.5 qoN 1.0 sYtINmItr ivAws vwly fUMGy qy gol D`by pY jWdy hn[
  • bIj rog rihq bIjo[
  • hrI Kwd dI vrqoN kro[
  • kohV rog vwlIAW zmInW iv`c 7 qoN 8 hPqy dI sx jW grmI ru`q dI mUMgI dI hrI Kwd kro[
  • AwlU pYx qoN bwAd Psl nUM sokw nw l`gx idE[
ic`qkbrw Aqy gu`Cw–m`uCw rog
  • p`iqAW qy gUVy hry Aqy hlky rMg dy au~Bry c`twK pY jWdy hn[

  •   jW
  • p`iqAW qy v`t pY jWdy hn Aqy p`qy vlyty jWdy hn[
  • bUty Coty rih jWdy hn[
  • kyvl pRmwixq rog rihq bIj hI bIjo[
  • Apxw rog rihq bIj 3-4 swl leI “bIj plwt FMg” duAwrw iqAwr kr lYxw cwhIdw hY[
  • qyly dI rokQwm leI isPwirS kIqy kItnwSkW dI vrqoN kro[